PGPA Glossary

2025 Finance Awards

Last week, Finance came together to celebrate our colleagues and recognise excellence and integrity in their outstanding achievements and behaviours.

The Finance Awards program demonstrates that our people and their work are valued and appreciated. Excellence and integrity underpin each of the 5 categories of the Awards: Stewardship, Engagement, Future-focused, Inclusion and Individual Leadership.

Congratulations to our 2025 Finance Awards winners!

Free virtual briefing for businesses on changes to the Commonwealth Procurement Rules

Are you a business seeking more information on the upcoming changes to the Commonwealth Procurement Rules (CPRs)? Are you interested in learning more about how the Australian Government will prioritise Australian businesses in government procurement and contracts?

If so, you may be interested in attending a free business briefing, delivered by Finance, that outlines the key updates to the CPRs that take effect from 17 November 2025, including:

Digital ID and CDR: Protecting renters’ personal information

The Australian Government is testing new ways to use Digital ID and the Consumer Data Right (CDR) to help people and businesses.

The Department of Finance and the Treasury asked businesses to take part in trials to better protect renters’ personal information.

These trials, called pilots, are now starting. They aim to improve how people apply for rental homes in Australia.

Right now, renters often have to give real estate agents or landlords copies of ID documents and financial details.

Senator the Hon Katy Gallagher
Minister for Finance
Minister for Women
Minister for the Public Service
Minister for Government Services

KG 30/25
Friday, 24 October 2025

KEY POINTS

  • The Monthly Financial Statements for September 2025 report the budget position against the expected monthly profile for the 2025‑26 financial year through to 30 September 2025, based on the 2025‑26 estimates published in the 2025‑26 Budget in March 2025.
  • The underlying cash balance for the 2025‑26 financial year to 30 September 2025 was a deficit of $21.5 billion.
  • The fiscal balance for the 2025‑26 financial year to 30 September 2025 was a deficit of $24.1 billion.
AGGREGATES(a) ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$b
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$b
Budget Profile
2025-2026
YTD September
$b
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$b
Receipts(b) 50.1 169.3 163.6 735.4
Payments(c) 60.0 190.8 190.5 777.5
Underlying cash balance -9.9 -21.5 -26.8 -42.1
Headline cash balance -10.3 -23.3 -30.0 -65.2
Revenue 50.0 170.3 166.8 750.3
Expenses 60.7 193.0 193.6 785.7
Net operating balance -10.7 -22.6 -26.8 -35.4
Net capital investment 0.8 1.5 0.8 8.8
Fiscal balance -11.6 -24.1 -27.6 -44.2
Total assets 915.1 906.1
Total liabilities 1,542.3 1,527.9
Net worth(d) -627.1 -621.8
Net debt(e) 552.0 620.3

Australian Government general government sector operating statement

Note ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$m
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
Budget Profile
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$m
Revenue
Taxation revenue 1,2 46,097 156,401 153,594 694,304
Sales of goods and services 1,068 5,887 5,553 22,256
Interest income 722 2,152 2,218 10,619
Dividend and distribution income 761 1,685 1,779 7,434
Other 1,318 4,217 3,650 15,648
Total revenue 49,966 170,341 166,794 750,262
Expenses
Gross operating expenses
Wages and salaries(a) 2,605 7,771 7,626 30,450
Superannuation 791 2,326 2,212 8,771
Depreciation and amortisation 1,222 3,362 3,605 14,196
Supply of goods and services 18,585 54,947 56,362 229,440
Other operating expenses(a) 1,333 4,401 3,142 12,485
Total gross operating expenses 24,537 72,806 72,947 295,342
Superannuation interest expense 1,232 3,696 3,800 15,198
Interest expenses 2,657 10,571 10,488 38,696
Current transfers
Current grants 15,871 54,230 53,810 223,378
Subsidy expenses 1,744 5,098 5,184 21,352
Personal benefits 14,101 44,558 44,269 169,410
Total current transfers 31,716 103,886 103,263 414,140
Capital transfers
Mutually agreed write-downs 225 532 722 2,930
Other capital grants 317 1,468 2,375 19,364
Total capital transfers 542 2,000 3,096 22,294
Total expenses 3 60,684 192,959 193,594 785,670
Net operating balance -10,718 -22,618 -26,800 -35,408
Other economic flows
- included in operating result
Net write-downs of assets -732 -2,056 -3,359 -12,239
Assets recognised for the first time 16 41 49 393
Actuarial revaluations 10 -1 -9 -1,060
Net foreign exchange gains -92 -101 0 183
Net swap interest received 188 403 -2 -7
Market valuation of debt 1,360 4,294 -3,486 -13,119
Other gains/(losses) 2,793 7,616 2,401 9,860
Total other economic flows
- included in operating result
3,543 10,197 -4,405 -15,989
Operating result(b) -7,176 -12,421 -31,205 -51,396
Non-owner movements in equity
Revaluation of equity investments 0 0 0 203
Actuarial revaluations 0 0 0 -228
Other economic revaluations -482 -205 -2 145
Total other economic flows
- included in equity
-482 -205 -2 120
Comprehensive result
- Total change in net worth
-7,657 -12,626 -31,208 -51,277
Net operating balance -10,718 -22,618 -26,800 -35,408
Net acquisition of non-financial assets
Purchases of non-financial assets 2,212 4,797 4,945 22,224
less Sales of non-financial assets 3 11 1 117
less Depreciation 1,222 3,362 3,605 14,196
plus Change in inventories -137 66 -493 859
plus Other movements in non-financial assets 0 0 0 0
Total net acquisition of non-financial assets 849 1,491 846 8,771
Fiscal balance (Net lending/borrowing)(c) -11,568 -24,109 -27,646 -44,178

Australian Government general government sector balance sheet

ACTUAL
as at 30 September 2025
$m
BUDGET

ESTIMATE*
as at 30 June 2026
$m

Assets
Financial assets
Cash and deposits 83,518 73,579
Advances paid 78,043 77,939
Investments, loans and placements 255,481 248,576
Other receivables 98,114 92,762
Equity investments
Investments in other public sector entities 47,453 57,342
Equity accounted investments 6,570 6,485
Investments - shares 117,449 121,108
Total financial assets 686,628 677,792
Non-financial assets
Land 15,865 14,756
Buildings 54,234 50,875
Plant, equipment and infrastructure 117,704 120,634
Inventories 13,260 12,691
Intangibles 14,029 16,212
Investment properties 269 221
Biological assets 5 5
Heritage and cultural assets 13,166 12,803
Assets held for sale -50 81
Other non-financial assets 7 6
Total non-financial assets 228,489 228,283
Total assets 915,117 906,074
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities
Deposits held 264 418
Government securities 916,267 968,449
Loans 33,336 33,885
Lease liabilities 19,193 17,689
Total interest bearing liabilities 969,060 1,020,440
Provisions and payables
Superannuation liability(a) 316,146 313,806
Other employee liabilities 95,475 60,538
Suppliers payables 13,078 15,127
Personal benefits payables 4,320 4,759
Subsidies payables 671 672
Grants payables 4,131 5,667
Other payables 9,385 5,866
Provisions 129,996 100,993
Total provisions and payables 573,202 507,430
Total liabilities 1,542,262 1,527,870
Net worth(b) -627,145 -621,796
Net financial worth(c) -855,634 -850,079
Net financial liabilities(d) 903,087 907,420
Net debt(e) 552,018 620,345

Australian Government general government sector cash flow statement(a)

ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$m
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
Budget Profile
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$m
Cash receipts from operating activities
Taxes received 45,984 154,062 148,773 676,086
Receipts from sales of goods and services 1,040 5,561 5,399 21,921
Interest receipts 727 2,509 2,694 9,389
Dividends, distributions and income tax equivalents 867 1,888 1,772 7,416
Other receipts 1,415 5,091 4,860 20,286
Total operating receipts 50,034 169,111 163,498 735,098
Cash payments for operating activities
Payments for employees(b) -3,898 -12,944 -12,705 -48,917
Payments for goods and services -18,067 -57,844 -57,849 -228,248
Grants and subsidies paid -18,699 -61,765 -62,532 -266,344
Interest paid -2,491 -3,165 -2,803 -27,885
Personal benefit payments -13,949 -45,344 -44,995 -169,556
Other payments(b) -1,117 -3,547 -3,583 -13,739
Total operating payments -58,222 -184,608 -184,466 -754,689
Net cash flows from operating activities -8,188 -15,497 -20,968 -19,590
Cash flows from investments in non-financial assets
Sales of non-financial assets 19 170 131 254
Purchases of non-financial assets -1,508 -5,451 -5,289 -20,040
Net cash flows from investments in non-financial assets -1,489 -5,281 -5,157 -19,786
Net cash flows from investments in financial assets for policy purposes -383 -1,788 -3,195 -23,076
Net cash flows from investments in financial assets for liquidity purposes -621 -2,192 -3,653 -4,839
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowing (net) -1,004 29,665 34,258 72,773
Other financing (net) -143 -263 -554 -4,911
Net cash flows from financing activities -1,147 29,402 33,704 67,863
Net increase/(decrease) in cash held -11,828 4,645 730 571
GFS cash surplus(+)/deficit(-)(c) -9,677 -20,777 -26,126 -39,376
plus Principal payments of lease liabilities(d) -222 -711 -712 -2,746
Equals underlying cash balance(e) -9,899 -21,488 -26,838 -42,122
plus Net cash flows from investments in financial assets for policy purposes -383 -1,788 -3,195 -23,076
Equals headline cash balance -10,282 -23,275 -30,033 -65,198

Note 1: Income Tax

ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$m
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
Budget Profile
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$m
Individuals and other withholding taxes
Gross income tax withholding 26,503 77,963 77,297 314,100
Gross other individuals 3,782 19,308 17,567 84,500
less Refunds 4,763 20,437 21,177 40,800
Total individuals and other withholding taxation 25,522 76,833 73,687 357,800
Fringe benefits tax 19 1,226 1,090 5,150
Company tax 8,775 31,969 33,405 143,500
Superannuation fund taxes 1,664 7,653 5,234 25,580
Petroleum resource rent tax 36 819 695 1,980
Total income taxation revenue 36,015 118,500 114,110 534,010

Note 2: Indirect Tax

ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$m
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
Budget Profile
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$m
Goods and services tax 5,584 23,411 23,458 99,300
Wine equalisation tax 73 259 287 1,210
Luxury car tax 92 299 325 1,210
Excise duty 2,941 7,654 7,920 32,450
Customs duty 404 2,920 4,251 11,350
Other indirect tax 989 3,357 3,242 14,774
Total indirect taxation revenue 10,082 37,901 39,484 160,294

Note 3: Total expenses by function

ACTUAL
2025-2026
September
$m
ACTUAL
2025-2026
YTD September
$m
BUDGET
ESTIMATE*
2025-2026
FULL YEAR
$m
Expenses by function
General public services 2,492 6,752 31,418
Defence 4,151 11,332 51,483
Public order and safety 855 2,538 9,145
Education 2,703 13,256 54,030
Health 9,796 31,649 124,803
Social security and welfare 24,284 75,956 290,966
Housing and community amenities 504 1,450 8,952
Recreation and culture 473 1,379 5,867
Fuel and energy 1,965 7,094 19,237
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 294 918 4,427
Mining, manufacturing and construction 436 1,264 5,522
Transport and communication 761 1,402 16,557
Other economic affairs 1,124 3,334 13,558
Other purposes
Public debt interest 2,146 6,422 28,429
Nominal superannuation interest 1,232 3,696 15,198
General purpose inter-government transactions 7,992 24,385 104,363
Natural disaster relief -525 130 874
Contingency reserve 0 0 842
Total expenses 60,684 192,959 785,670