Audience
This guide is relevant to all finance officials (e.g. chief financial officers and finance teams) in Commonwealth entities that have obligations to dismantle, remove and restore items of property, plant and equipment (PPE).
For ease of reference and presentation, this RMG uses ‘entities’ to mean Commonwealth entities as defined by the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013.
Key points
This guide:
- outlines the accounting and disclosure requirements for the initial recognition and subsequent accounting of make good provisions and corresponding assets, including the unwinding of the discount and changes to provision estimates
- replaces Accounting for decommissioning, restoration and similar provisions (‘make good’) (RMG 114), released November 2016.
Resources
This guide is to be read in conjunction with relevant accounting standards and interpretations by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB), including:
- AASB 16 Leases (AASB 16)
- AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment (AASB 116)
- AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (AASB 137)
- Interpretation 1 Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar Liabilities (AASB Interpretation 1)
Other relevant publications include:
Introduction
- Many entities have obligations to dismantle, remove and restore items of PPE – often referred to as ‘make good’. For example, an entity that leases premises may be required to make good the premises, by restoring it to its original condition at the end of the lease.
- Under paragraph 16c of AASB 116, the cost of an item of PPE includes the initial estimated cost of dismantling, removing and restoring an item (i.e. make good costs), where the obligation was incurred either:
- when the item was acquired, or
- as a consequence of having used the item.
Example 1: Make good costs
- dismantling (e.g. taking apart a piece of machinery for its removal from the site)
- removing (e.g. transporting an aircraft to a disposal facility, due to a condition of purchase being that it must be disposed of in a particular manner)
- restoration (e.g. returning a leased office building to its original condition).
- The initial measurement of the provision for make good costs (where the effect of the time value of money (TVOM) is material) is the present value of expected expenditures to settle the obligation – for illustrative examples (IEs) on estimating the expected expenditure, see Appendix A.
- Accounting for changes to make good provision estimates differs, according to whether the related asset is held at cost or fair value (including for changes due to revised timing or amount of settlement payments or changes in the discount rate).
- Where the related asset is:
- held at cost:
- an increase (decrease) in the provision leads to an increase (reduction) in the cost of the related asset. However, any reduction to the related asset should not exceed its carrying amount, with any excess recognised as a gain
- held at fair value:
- an increase in the make good provision is recognised as an expense – unless there is a balance in the asset revaluation reserve (ARR) for the relevant asset class, in which case the ARR is debited
- a decrease in the make good provision would be credited to the ARR – unless a revaluation decrement had previously been recognised in the operating statement for that asset class, in which case a gain would be recognised.
- A model for the accounting of changes in make good provision estimates (i.e. for revised timing or amount of settlement payments or changes in the discount rate) is at Appendix B.
Part 1 – Initial recognition and measurement
- Paragraph 14 of AASB 137 requires make good obligations to be recorded as ‘liabilities’ where:
- there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) that has arisen from a past event
- there is a probable outflow of resources
- the eventual payment amount can be reliably estimated.
Present value
- Under paragraphs 36-52 of AASB 137, the initial measurement of the provision is to be the best estimate of expenditure needed to settle the present obligation at the end of the financial reporting period.
Example 2: Estimating the expenditure required to settle the obligation
- obtain a reasonable ‘at present’ estimate of the expenditure required to make good the asset (e.g. with quotes based on past experience in similar situations), then
- adjust the estimate, using inflationary measures such as the Consumer Price Index or building price indices, to derive expenditure required in a future reporting period.
- An example showing the process for estimating the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date, is included at Appendix A - IE1.
- Under paragraph 45 of AASB 137, where the TVOM is material, the provision should be discounted to reflect the present value of the estimated expenditures. Where the TVOM is not material, discounting is not required.
Make good provisions capitalised
- On initial recognition, make good provisions should be capitalised to the related asset. Under paragraph 16 of AASB 116, the cost of an item of PPE includes the:
- purchase price, including duties and taxes
- directly attributable costs (see the examples at paragraph 17 of AASB 116)
- make good costs.
- Under paragraph 24 of AASB 16, the cost of a leased right-of-use (ROU) asset includes:
- the initial measurement of the lease liability
- lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received
- initial direct costs
- estimated make good costs.
- Where lessee make good obligations arise from normal wear and tear on the leased asset, the make good provision should be capitalised to the ROU asset. For example, if the lease contract requires the lessee to repaint the premises or service the air conditioning and lift systems at lease end, the lessee’s make good provision should be capitalised to the ROU asset.
- However, where make good obligations relate to lessee leasehold improvements, the make good provision should be capitalised to the lessee’s leasehold improvement – not the ROU asset. The Central Budget Management System (CBMS) account details, for the initial recognition of a make good provision capitalised to leasehold improvements, are:
CBMS journal entries: Initial recognition of make good provision capitalised to leasehold improvements
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt* |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
5310000 |
7121 |
L&B, IPE and Intangible Assets^ |
Cr |
5220002 |
|
Cash at bank (or other appropriate account) |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
* Movement (Mmt) code
^ Even though the above journal entry does not separate the make good component of the asset, entities may find it useful to show this separately in the asset register/ledger. This will assist entities when applying revaluations and impairment requirements on the assets.
Part 2 – Subsequent accounting
Unwinding of the discount
- Where the TVOM is material, the make good provision should be discounted to reflect the present value of the estimated expenditures.
- The unwinding of the discount effectively increases the make good provision each year, to reflect the passage of time – where the TVOM is material, the periodic unwinding of the discount:
- increases the make good provision
- is recognised in the operating statement as a finance cost (capitalisation of this cost is disallowed under paragraph 8 of AASB Interpretation 1).
17. The unwinding of the provision should be recognised before revising the provision for any estimate changes.
Example 3: Unwinding of the make good provision
- $50,000 is to be paid in five years (i.e. in 2025) to make good a premises
- a 10% discount rate applies.
The unwinding of the provision is shown below.
Year |
Provision Value ($) |
Finance Cost (Unwinding of Provision) |
2020 |
31,046 |
|
2021 |
34,151 |
3,105 |
2022 |
37,566 |
3,415 |
2023 |
41,322 |
3,756 |
2024 |
45,455 |
4,133 |
2025 |
50,000 |
4,545 |
The value of $50,000 in 2025 is equivalent to $31,046 in today’s terms (at 2020) – i.e. if $31,046 is invested in 2020 at a rate of 10%, it would be worth $50,000 in 2025. However, at 2021:
|
Changes in make good provision estimates
- Changes in the measurement of a make good provision may result from a change in the:
- estimated timing of payments on settlement
- estimated amount that will eventually be required to settle the obligation, or
- discount rate.
- Changes in make good provision estimates must be accounted for in accordance with AASB Interpretation 1.
- Under paragraph 59 of AASB 137, entities are to review the make good provision at each reporting date and make adjustments to reflect the current best estimate. Where it is no longer probable that the entity will be required to settle the obligation, the make good provision should be reversed.
Example 4: Re-measurement of the make good provision for timing changes in estimates
- the entity would be required to remeasure the provision to take into consideration this delay (rather than derecognising the provision)
- the adjustment to the provision would be recognised in the operating statement (as the related leasehold improvement asset is fully depreciated).
- Under section 17 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability (Financial Reporting) Rule 2015 (FRR), accounting for these changes depends on whether the related asset is measured:
- under the cost model, or
- at fair value under the revaluation model.
The cost model
- Under paragraph 24 of AASB 16, make good provisions may be included in the initial recognition of lease ROU assets. This would occur for leases that commenced after the AASB 16 transition date of 1 July 2019, where the make good obligation does not relate to leasehold improvements undertaken by the lessee.
- Section 17 of the FRR requires ROU assets to be measured at cost. For:
- an increase in the make good provision – add this to the cost of the related ROU asset
- a decrease in the make good provision – deduct this from the cost of the ROU asset, however, the amount of the reduction should not exceed the carrying amount of the ROU asset (any excess is to be recognised as a gain).
Example 5: Example of accounting for decreases in the make good provision
- an entity revised its estimate of the make good provision downwards by $75,000
- the related ROU asset initially cost $600,000
- the related ROU asset has accumulated depreciation of $550,000.
In accounting for this example, as the deduction amount ($75,000) exceeds the carrying amount of the asset ($50,000), the entity deducts $50,000 from the ROU asset and the excess of $25,000 is recognised as a gain.
- An increase in the cost of the ROU asset may indicate that the asset is not fully recoverable – where this occurs, consider testing for impairment under AASB 136 Impairment of Assets.
- Where the related PPE asset is at the end of its useful life, all subsequent changes to make good provisions are recognised in the operating statement as they occur.
CBMS journal entries: Increase in make good provision where ROU asset is measured at cost
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
5311002 |
7321 |
Buildings |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
CBMS journal entries: Decrease in make good provision where ROU asset is measured at cost
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
Cr |
5311002 |
7321 |
Buildings |
- For more information on the decrease of a make good provision under the cost model, see Example 1 at paragraph IE2 of AASB Interpretation 1.
The revaluation model
- PPE assets may be measured at fair value under AASB 116, including leasehold improvement assets to which make good costs have been capitalised.
- Entities should identify whether an allowance for make good has been included or excluded in the asset valuation. For more information on the importance of understanding the basis of the valuation, see Example 2 at paragraph IE6 of AASB Interpretation 1.
Example 6: Valuation using the depreciated replacement cost valuation method
- the entity determines that $100, less the accumulated depreciation of $30 ($100/10*3), should be added to the depreciated replacement cost valuation amount
- the asset is revalued to $1,070.
General accounting for revaluations
- To understand the accounting for changes in make good provisions under the revaluation model, entities should first understand the general treatment of asset revaluations.
- For not-for-profit entities, for:
- a revaluation increase in the carrying amount of a class of PPE assets – this must be credited to the ARR (or recognised as a gain to the extent the revaluation increase reverses a decrease for the same class of PPE assets previously recognised as an expense)
- a revaluation decrease in the carrying amount of a class of PPE assets – this will be recognised as an expense (or debited directly to the ARR to the extent a credit balance exists in the ARR in respect of that class of assets).
CBMS journal entries: Revaluation increase in a PPE asset class
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
5310000 |
7122 |
L&B, IPE and Intangible Assets |
Cr |
1265005 |
|
Reversal of previous asset write down* |
Cr |
4100011 |
7231 |
Asset Revaluation Reserve ^ |
* Where previous revaluation decrements have been recognised in the operating statement for that asset class.
^ Movement code depends on the PPE asset class.
CBMS journal entries: Revaluation decrease in a PPE asset class
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
4100011 |
7231 |
Asset Revaluation Reserve * |
Dr |
2254000 |
|
Write down and impairment of non-financial assets |
Cr |
5310000 |
7122 |
L&B, IPE and Intangible Assets |
* For an existing balance in the ARR for that asset class, the movement code depends on the PPE asset class.
Changes in make good provision estimates under the revaluation model
31. Changes in make good provision estimates under the revaluation model are the reverse of revaluations of the related asset – except for the account affected (asset or provision). Therefore, for:
- an increase in the make good provision – this is recognised as an expense (similar to a revaluation decrease of an asset), except to the extent of any credit balance in the ARR for that asset class in which case the ARR is debited
- a decrease in the make good provision – this is credited to the ARR (similar to a revaluation increase of an asset), except to the extent that the decrease reverses a revaluation decrease for that asset class previously recognised as an expense, in which case the decrease in the provision is credited as a gain. Where the decrease in the provision exceeds the carrying amount of the asset that would have been recognised under the cost model, the excess is recognised as a gain.
32. Where the related PPE asset is at the end of its useful life, all subsequent changes to make good provisions are recognised in the operating statement as they occur.
33. A change in the provision may also indicate that the related asset should be revalued. If a revaluation is necessary, all assets of that class must be revalued. These revaluations are taken into account in determining the amounts to be recognised in the operating statement or other comprehensive income (OCI).
CBMS journal entries: Increase in make good provision under revaluation model
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
4100011 |
7231 |
Asset Revaluation Reserve* |
Dr |
2254000 |
|
Write down and impairment of non-financial assets (excess, if any) |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
* For an existing balance in the ARR in respect of the asset class, the movement code depends on the PPE asset class.
CBMS journal entries: Decrease in make good provision under revaluation model
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Dr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
Cr |
1265005 |
|
Reversal of previous asset write down* |
Cr |
4100011 |
7231 |
Asset Revaluation Reserve (excess, if any)^ |
* For a previous revaluation decrement for the relevant asset class recognised as an expense.
^ Movement code depends on the PPE asset class.
Derecognising provisions
34. If on settlement the full make good provision was not derecognised, a provision reversal should be recognised as a gain in the operating statement.
Selecting discount rates
Extract: AASB 137
Paragraph 47: The discount rate (or rates) shall be a pre-tax rate (or rates) that reflect(s) current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The discount rate(s) shall not reflect risks for which future cash flow estimates have been adjusted. |
35. Entities need to carefully consider the discount rate applicable to all provisions, including for make good, to reflect the risks. Discount rates for make good provisions:
- should not be set by simply using discount rates that apply to other provisions or other types of liabilities (e.g. a risk free or government bond rate may only be applicable if all other risks have been factored into the cash flow estimates)
- are not to reflect risks where future cash flow estimates have been adjusted as this would double-count risk calculations.
Part 3 – Disclosure requirements
- Make good provisions are a separate class of provisions that are to be disclosed in accordance with the requirements of AASB 137.
- Under paragraph 84 of AASB 137, a movement schedule is required for the current year only.
- Under paragraph 85 of AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements, the changes in the ARR resulting from changes in make good provisions may be a separate OCI line item – where it is considered relevant to understanding an entity’s financial performance.
Part 4 – Budget implications
- The impact on budget aggregates of transactions at different stages in the lifecycle of a make good provision are shown in the following table.
Impact on budget aggregates in the lifecycle of a make good provision
Transaction |
Fiscal balance |
Underlying cash balance |
Recognise make good provision |
Worsen – due to movement in non-financial assets (NFAs) |
Nil impact |
Unwinding of the discount |
Worsen – interest expense reduces net operating balance |
Nil impact |
Changes in the make good provision due to change in provision estimates |
Generally nil impact – as the change in provision is usually due to price or timing changes and treated as a revaluation expense classified as another economic flow. If the change in provision is due to additional or less make good requirements, the amount will impact on fiscal balance |
Nil impact |
Make good payments |
Nil impact – no impact on net operating balance from operations or NFAs |
Worsen |
Appendix A – Illustrative examples
The following IEs show the accounting treatment for a make good provision, including the initial recognition and subsequent change in provision estimates, where the provision is:
- for leasehold improvements – where the make good provision is accounted for as a component of the leasehold improvement asset and measured at fair value, see:
- IE1: Make good provision capitalised to lessee leasehold improvements
- IE2: Increase in provision capitalised to leasehold improvements held at fair value
These IEs would also be applicable for any other make good provisions relating to PPE assets measured at fair value.
- for a lease commencing after the AASB 16 transition date – for a lease that commenced after 1 July 2019, where the make good provision does not relate to leasehold improvements by the lessee and is capitalised as a component of the lease ROU asset, measured at cost (under paragraph 24(d) of AASB 16), see:
- IE3: Initial make good provision capitalised to a ROU asset
- IE4: Increase in provision capitalised to a ROU asset held at cost
- changed because of a revised discount rate or timing of payments – the same accounting requirements apply to a change in make good provision due to a changed estimated amount to settle the obligation, a revised discount rate or a change in the timing of payments. For these accounting requirements, see:
- IE2: Increase in provision capitalised to leasehold improvements held at fair value
- IE4: Increase in provision capitalised to a ROU asset held at cost
IE1: Make good provision capitalised to lessee leasehold improvements
Scenario: On 1 July 2018, an entity entered into a lease for an office block for a period of 5 years and made $200,000 worth of leasehold improvements (capitalised as an asset by lessee). The contract specifies that the entity must make good any leasehold improvements on the premises at the end of the lease term. For this scenario:
- the lease was accounted for as an operating lease in 2018-19 under AASB 117 Leases
- on initial application of AASB 16, on 1 July 2019, a lease liability and ROU asset of $1,000,000 was recognised
- on initial application of AASB 16, on 1 July 2019, a lease liability and ROU asset of $1,000,000 was recognised
- the leasehold improvements asset will include an estimate of the cost of making good the premises at the end of the lease and the entity estimated that, at 1 July 2018, it would cost approximately $40,000 to return the building to its original condition
- assume the entity depreciates PPE on a straight-line basis a discount rate of 10% applies and inflation is estimated at 4.5% per annum.
Accounting treatment
Initial accounting
To determine the expenditure required at the end of the lease (at 30 June 2023), the entity projects the current value of the $40,000 using an inflationary measure of 4.5% as follows:
Future value (FV) = Present value x (1 + inflation rate) Time period
= $40,000 x (1.045)5 = $50,000
As the TVOM is material, the $50,000 provision is discounted to its present value (PV). The following formula shows the process applied in calculating the PV:
Present value (PV) = FV / (1 + discount rate) Time period remaining
= $50,000 / (1.10)5 = $31,046
At 1 July 2018, the following journal is posted to recognise the leasehold improvement asset and the associated make good provision:
CBMS journal entries: Recognition of leasehold improvement asset and make good provision
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt Code |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
5311002 |
7121 |
Buildings - Leasehold improvements (asset) |
231,046 |
Cr |
5220000 |
|
Cash |
200,000 |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
31,046 |
On 1 July 2019, a lease liability and ROU asset under AASB 16 is recognised.
CBMS journal entries: Recognition of lease liability and ROU asset
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
5311002 |
7332 |
ROU Asset – Gross Value Adjustments |
1,000,000 |
Cr |
3240102 |
|
Lease Liabilities – Adjustments |
1,000,000 |
Subsequent accounting
Over the life of the lease term, the discount on the make good provision is unwound to the full $50,000.
CBMS journal entries: Unwinding of the make good provision discount
Dr/Cr |
CBMS Account |
CBMS account description |
30/06/19 $ |
30/06/20 $ |
30/06/21 $ |
30/06/22 $ |
30/06/23 $ |
Dr |
2422008 |
Unwinding of discount on restoration (expense) |
3,105 |
3,415 |
3,756 |
4,133 |
4,545 |
Cr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
3,105 |
3,415 |
3,756 |
4,133 |
4,545 |
The entity will also recognise depreciation expense for years 1-5, in relation to the related leasehold improvement asset, which is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease of 5 years.
CBMS journal entries: Depreciation of leasehold improvement asset (30 June 2019 – 2023)
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
2241002 |
|
Buildings - Depreciation (leasehold improvements) |
46,209 |
Cr |
5311002 |
7153 |
Buildings - Accumulated depreciation (leasehold improvements) |
46,209 |
At the end of the lease the provision is derecognised, as the premises is made good.
CBMS journal entries: Premises is made good at 30 June 2023
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
50,000 |
Cr |
5220000 |
Cash |
50,000 |
Disclosure
The movement schedule disclosures that are required for each year are as follows:
Note X: Other Provisions [extracts for 2019 – 2023]
|
2019 $’000 |
2020 $’000 |
2021 $’000 |
2022 $’000 |
2023 $’000 |
As at 1 July |
- |
34 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
Additional provisions made |
31 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Amounts used |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(50) |
Unwinding of discount or change in discount rate |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
Total as at 30 June |
34 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
- |
IE2: Increase in provision capitalised to leasehold improvements held at fair value
Scenario: Using the same scenario as IE1, assume that at 1 July 2020 the entity makes changes to the building, creating new offices and meeting rooms.
The changes lead to an increase of $20,000 in the expected cost to make good the premises. In accordance with the FRR, the entity measures PPE under the revaluation model and no credit balance exists in the ARR.
Accounting treatment
Up until 30 June 2020 (inclusive), the accounting treatment at IE1 applies.
At 1 July 2020, the entity must increase the provision to reflect the increase of $20,000 in expected cost to make good the premises. As the balance of the provision at 30 June 2020 is $37,566 (calculated at IE1 as $31,046 +$3,105 + $3,415), the entity must recognise the difference, being:
Increase in provision = $52,592 ($70,000 / (1.10)3) – $37,566 = $15,026
CBMS journal entries: Recognition of the increase in the provision in the operating statement
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
2254001 |
Buildings – Write Down and Impairment* |
15,026 |
Cr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
15,026 |
* Posting would be to ARR to the extent credit balance exists for that asset class
The entity would be required to recognise the unwinding of the discount as a finance cost as it occurs (as in IE1).
The periodic unwinding of the discount will now be recognised in respect of the increased amount of $52,592 as follows:
CBMS journal entries: Unwinding of the discount
Dr/Cr |
CBMS Account |
CBMS account description |
30/06/21 $ |
30/06/22 $ |
30/06/23 $ |
Dr |
2422008 |
Unwinding of discount on restoration (expense) |
5,259 |
5,785 |
6,364 |
Cr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
5,259 |
5,785 |
6,364 |
Total make good provision before and after increase on 1 July 2020 in expected settlement costs
Year |
Total provision before increase ($) |
Total provision after increase ($) |
30/06/2019 |
34,151 |
34,151 |
30/06/2020 |
37,566 |
37,566 |
01/07/2020 |
37,566 |
52,592* |
30/06/2021 |
41,322 |
57,851 |
30/06/2022 |
45,455 |
63,636 |
30/06/2023 |
50,000 |
70,000 |
* Calculated by adding the prior year’s total provision with the increase in provision due to the increase in the expected cost to make good the premises (i.e. 37,566 + 15,026 = 52,596)
The entity would also be required to depreciate the leasehold improvements asset over the term of the lease (as in IE1).
As the premises is made good at the end of the lease a journal entry for $70,000 is required (similar to that in IE1).
Disclosure
The movement schedule disclosures required for the remaining three years are now as follows:
Note X: Other Provisions [extracts for 2020 – 2023]
|
2021 $’000 |
2022 $’000 |
2023 $’000 |
As at 1 July |
38 |
58 |
64 |
Additional provisions made |
15 |
- |
- |
Amounts used |
- |
- |
(70) |
Unwinding of discount or change in discount rate |
5 |
6 |
6 |
Total as at 30 June |
58 |
64 |
- |
IE3: Initial make good provision capitalised to a ROU asset
Scenario:An entity enters into a lease for an office block on 1 July 2020, for a period of 5 years. The lease liability recognised on lease commencement is $1,000,000.
There are no initial lease direct costs, lease accruals or incentives on commencement and the lessee does not make any leasehold improvements. The contract specifies that the entity must make good the leased premises at the end of the lease term, including cleaning the carpets and repainting offices.
For this scenario:
- the cost of the ROU asset will include an estimate of the cost of making good the premises at the end of the lease
- the entity estimates that at 1 July 2020 it would cost approximately $40,000 to return the building to its original condition
- assume the entity depreciates ROU assets on a straight-line basis, a discount rate of 10% applies and inflation is estimated to be 4.5% per annum.
Accounting treatment
Initial accounting
At 1 July 2020, the following journal is posted to recognise the initial lease, leasehold improvements and make good provision balances:
CBMS journal entries: Recognition of the initial lease, leasehold improvements and make good provision balances
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt Code |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
5311002 |
7321 |
Buildings - ROU Asset |
1,031,046 |
Cr |
3240102 |
|
Lease Liabilities – Adjustments |
1,000,000 |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
31,046 |
Subsequent accounting
Over the life of the lease term, the discount is unwound to the full $50,000. The following formula is repeated in this process through to the end of the lease term:
Increase in provision = (PV for current year) – (PV for prior year)
For example, to calculate the increase in provision as at 30 June 2021:
Increase in provision
at 30/06/2021 = ($50,000 / (1.10)4) – $31,046 = $3,105
CBMS journal entries: Unwinding of the discount
Dr/Cr |
CBMS Account |
CBMS account description |
30/06/21 $ |
30/06/22 $ |
30/06/23 $ |
30/06/24 $ |
30/06/25 $ |
Dr |
2422008 |
Unwinding of discount on restoration (expense) |
3,105 |
3,415 |
3,756 |
4,133 |
4,545 |
Cr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
3,105 |
3,415 |
3,756 |
4,133 |
4,545 |
The entity will also recognise depreciation expense of $206,209 for years 1-5 in relation to the ROU asset. This is derived from the cost of the ROU asset of $1,031,046 depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease (5 years).
CBMS journal entries: Depreciation of ROU asset (this journal is repeated (1 July 2020 – 2025))
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt Code |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
2241002 |
|
Buildings - Depreciation |
206,209 |
Cr |
5311002 |
7353 |
Buildings - Accumulated depreciation ROU Asset |
206,209 |
At the end of the lease term the provision is derecognised as the premises is made good.
CBMS journal entries: Derecognising the provision as premises is made good at 30 June 2025
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
50,000 |
Cr |
5220000 |
Cash |
50,000 |
Disclosure
The movement schedule disclosures that are required for each year are as follows:
Note X: Other Provisions [extracts for 2021 – 2025]
|
2021 $’000 |
2022 $’000 |
2023 $’000 |
2024 $’000 |
2025 $’000 |
As at 1 July |
- |
34 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
Additional provisions made |
31 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Amounts used |
- |
- |
- |
- |
(50) |
Unwinding of discount or change in discount rate |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
Total as at 30 June |
34 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
- |
IE4: Increase in provision capitalised to ROU asset held at cost
Scenario: Assume the same information as IE3, however assume that at 1 July 2022 the entity makes changes to the building, creating a number of new offices and meeting rooms and the changes made lead to an increase of $20,000 in the expected cost to make good the premises.
Accounting treatment
Up until 30 June 2022 (inclusive), the accounting treatment at IE3 applies.
At 1 July 2022, the entity must increase the provision to reflect the increase of $20,000 in expected cost to make good the premises. As the balance of the provision at 30 June 2022 is $37,566 (calculated at IE1 as $31,046 +$3,105 + $3,415), the entity must recognise the difference:
Increase in provision = ($70,000 / (1.10)3) – 37,566 = 52,592 – 37,566 = $15,026
CBMS journal entries: Recognise the increase in the make good provision
Dr/Cr |
CBMS account |
Mmt Code |
CBMS account description |
Amount ($) |
Dr |
5311002 |
7321 |
Buildings (ROU Asset) |
15,026 |
Cr |
3381008 |
|
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
15,026 |
The entity would be required (as in IE3) to recognise the unwinding of the discount as a finance cost as it occurs. The periodic unwinding of the discount will now be recognised for the increased provision amount of $52,592, as follows:
CBMS journal entries: Unwinding of the discount
Dr/Cr |
CBMS Account |
CBMS account description |
30/06/X3 $ |
30/06/X4 $ |
30/06/X5 $ |
Dr |
2422008 |
Unwinding of discount on restoration (expense) |
5,259 |
5,785 |
6,364 |
Cr |
3381008 |
Provisions for restoration, decommissioning and make good |
5,259 |
5,785 |
6,364 |
Make good provision before and after increase on 1 July 2022 in the expected settlement costs
Year |
Total provision before increase ($) |
Total provision after increase ($) |
30/06/21 |
34,151 |
34,151 |
30/06/22 |
37,566 |
37,566 |
01/07/22 |
37,566 |
52,592* |
30/06/23 |
41,322 |
57,851 |
30/06/24 |
45,455 |
63,636 |
30/06/25 |
50,000 |
70,000 |
*Calculated by adding the prior year’s provision with the increase in provision due to the increase in the expected cost to make good the premises (i.e. 37,566 + 15,026 = 52,596)
The entity would also be required to depreciate the ROU asset over the term of the lease (as in IE3 but adjusted from the 2022-23 reporting period).
As the premises is made good at the end of the lease, a journal entry similar to that in IE3 but for $70,000 is required.
Disclosure
The movement schedule disclosures required for the remaining three years are now as follows:
Note X: Other Provisions [extracts for 2023 – 2025]
|
2023 $’000 |
2024 $’000 |
2025 $’000 |
As at 1 July |
38 |
58 |
64 |
Additional provisions made |
15 |
- |
- |
Amounts used |
- |
- |
(70) |
Unwinding of discount or change in discount rate |
5 |
6 |
6 |
Total as at 30 June |
58 |
64 |
- |
Appendix B – Accounting for changes in make good provision estimates
This model shows accounting for changes in make good provision estimates due to revised timing or amount of payments on settlement or changes in the discount rate (under AASB Interpretation 1).
Change in make good provision estimates
Appendix C – Glossary
Subject to key terms defined in this appendix, all other key terms have the same definition as specified in the AASB Glossary of defined terms.
Term |
Definition |
Liability |
a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits (paragraph 10 of AASB 137). |
Property, plant |
tangible items that:
|
Provision |
a liability of uncertain timing or amount (paragraph 10 of AASB 137). |
Appendix D – Acronyms
Acronym |
Full title or term |
AASB |
Australian Accounting Standards Board |
ARR |
Asset Revaluation Reserve |
CBMS |
Central Budget Management System |
FRR |
Public Governance, Performance and Accountability (Financial Reporting) Rule 2015 |
FV |
Fair value |
OCI |
Other comprehensive income |
PPE |
Property, plant and equipment |
PV |
Present value |
RMG |
Resource management guide |
TVOM |
Time value of money |